Shu Du of Cai

Shu Du of Cai (蔡叔度 meaning Uncle Du of Cai) or Caishu Du(?–?), born as Ji Du (姬度), was the first ruler of the State of Cai from 1046 BC until his death. He was the fifth son of King Wen of Zhou (周文王) and his wife Taisi (太姒). He had eighteen brothers, ten who were his full blooded brothers, and Ji Yi (姬邑) or Boyi Kao (伯邑考); Ji Fa （姬發）, the King Wu of Zhou (周武王); Ji Xian (姬鲜), the Uncle of Guan (管叔); and the Duke of Zhou were Ji Du's elder brothers. He was given the fief of Cai and the title of Uncle (Duke) of Cai (蔡叔) by his second brother after he overthrewed the last king of Shang, King Zhou of Shang. He was enfeoffed at present-day Shàngcài (上蔡) in Henan Province. Along with his brothers the Uncle of Guan (管叔) and the Uncle of Huo (霍叔), they were known as the Three Guards (三监). When King Wu died, his son King Cheng was too young and his uncle, the Duke of Zhou, became regent. Seeing that the power of the Duke of Zhou was increasing, the Three Guards got jealous and rebelled against Zhou together with Wu Geng. The Duke of Zhou suppressed the rebellion, and Cai Shu was exiled. King Cheng reestablished Cai Shu’s son Hu as the Sovereign of Cai.

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